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A
telescopic cylinder is essentially a series of cylinders (called stages)
nesting inside one another. It is normally used where space is a
constraint.
Each stage is the rod of the larger stage and the barrel of that stage.
e.g. A 3-stage cylinder is 3 stages or rods that move in and out. It
consists of the barrel (the largest tube) followed by the first stage and
then the second stage and finally the smallest stage (called the rod).
Single Acting
A S/A telescopic is essentially a displacement cylinder. It extends by
hydraulic power and retracts by gravity or any external force. The oil
pressure acts on the outside diameter of the various rods. When retracted,
the various stages are immersed in oil, thus protecting them from rusting.
These cylinders do not leak unless the rod seals are damaged. The port is
located at the barrel end and a bleed port at the rod. The cylinder is
sealed at the rod end.
Double Acting
D/A telescopic is powered both ways. Oil acts on the bore area to extend
and on the annulus area between the bore and rod to retract. The extend
force is typically 5 times the retract force. Because of this
intensification, it is critical that the retract port is not restricted.
D/A cylinders will slowly drift due to seal leakage; the leakage rate is
dependent on the surface finishes of the cast iron piston seals and the
barrel surface. The ports are located at the rod end. The first stage
extends first, when extending the cylinder; on retracting, the rod stage
retracts first.
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